Breast Cancer in Men: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

By: dr. I Made Chandra Ari Kumara, Sp.B, Subsp. Onk. (K)

What Is Male Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer does not only affect women. Men can also develop this condition, although the number of cases is relatively low. Male breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow and develop in breast tissue.

Because men have much less breast tissue, cancer is often detected at a more advanced stage. Medical data shows that about 1% of all breast cancer cases occur in men. This number may increase due to low awareness and delayed examinations.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Genetic factors: Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
• Family history: Having relatives with breast cancer.
• Age: More common in men over 60 years old.
• Excess estrogen: Can occur due to obesity or liver disorders.
• Radiation exposure: Especially to the chest area.
• Unhealthy lifestyle: Excessive alcohol consumption and lack of physical activity.

Symptoms of Male Breast Cancer

Symptoms in men are often overlooked because they seem mild. However, early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Warning signs include:

• A hard lump in the breast area, usually painless.
• Changes in breast skin, such as redness, thickening, or wrinkling.
• Changes in the nipple, such as retraction or altered shape.
• Nipple discharge, sometimes mixed with blood.
• Swelling in the armpit or surrounding chest area.

If you experience one or more of these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately for further evaluation.

How Male Breast Cancer Is Diagnosed

• Physical examination.
• Imaging tests such as mammography or breast ultrasound.
• Biopsy to confirm the nature of the lump.
• Genetic testing, especially if there is a family history of breast cancer.

Treatment for Male Breast Cancer

Treatment options depend on the stage of cancer and the patient's condition. Common treatments include:

• Surgery (mastectomy): Removal of cancerous breast tissue.
• Chemotherapy: Destroying cancer cells that have spread.
• Radiotherapy: Using radiation to kill cancer cells.
• Hormone therapy: Especially for cancers sensitive to estrogen.

How to Prevent Male Breast Cancer

• Maintain an ideal body weight.
• Limit alcohol consumption.
• Adopt a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and balanced nutrition.
• Perform regular self-examinations.
• Consult your doctor if you have a family history of breast cancer.

Conclusion

Although male breast cancer is rare, it still requires attention. Increasing awareness, recognizing symptoms early, and undergoing proper medical examinations can significantly improve recovery outcomes. Do not delay consulting a doctor if you notice unusual changes in the breast area.

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